Paʻa Kūlike ʻole

Paʻa kila Carbon - Paʻa paʻa, Paʻa Hex, Paʻa pōʻai, Paʻa huinaha
Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka pahu kila kalapona i ka palahalaha, hex, puni a, huinaha ma Future Metal.He kūpono ke kila kalapona no nā huahana ʻoihana a me nā noi kahi e koi ʻia ai ka ikaika a me ka lōʻihi.ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā pahu kila kalapona e pili ana i ka ʻike kalapona.ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ke kalapona e hoʻonui i ka paʻakikī a me ka ikaika o ke kila kalapona.ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kalapona kalapona i ke kila kalapona palupalu (māmā) i maʻalahi i ka mīkini a wili.

ʻO ke ʻano o ke kila kalapona e pono ai e pili ana i nā koi noi.
He aha nā ʻano like ʻole o ka hao kalapona?
Ua maheleia ke kila kalapona i ekolu hui nui penei:
kalapona haʻahaʻa = .06% i ka .25% kalapona maʻiʻo (meʻa kila)
kalapona waena = .25% a .55% ka maʻiʻo kalapona (medium steel)
kalapona kiʻekiʻe = >.55% a i ka 1.00% kalapona maʻiʻo (he kila paʻa)
Loaʻa i nā ʻāpana he nui
10XX = ke kila kalapona non-resulpherized, me ka manganese 1.00% ka nui (no ka laʻana 1018, 1044, 1045 a me 1050).
11XX = hao kalapona i hoʻoulu ʻia (no ka laʻana 1117, 1141, 11L17, a me 1144).
12XX = hao kalapona rephosphorized a resulpherized (no ka laʻana 12L14 a me 1215).